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General: Bulgaria (Bulgarian: , IPA: [b?l'garij]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian:, IPA: [r?'publi?k b?l'garij]), is a country in Southeastern Europe, and a member state of the European Union. It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north, mostly along the Danube. Bulgaria also shares a maritime border with Turkey, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia.

Bulgaria joined NATO on March 29, 2004 and the European Union on January 1, 2007. The country has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, and is a founding member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. As a Consultative Party to the Antarctic Treaty, Bulgaria takes part in the governing of the territories situated south of 60° south latitude.

Currency: The lev (Bulgarian:, plural - leva, ) is the currency of Bulgaria. It is divided in 100 stotinki ( singular - stotinka, ). In archaic Bulgarian the word "lev" meant "lion", akin to the Romanian and Moldovan lei.

Language: Bulgarian (, Balgarski ezik) is an Indo-European language, a member of the Southern branch of the Slavic languages. Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from other Slavic languages, such as the elimination of noun declension, the development of a suffixed definite article (see Balkan linguistic union), the lack of a verb infinitive, and the retention and further development of the proto-Slavic verb system. There are various verb forms to express nonwitnessed, retold, and doubtful action.

Bulgarian is closely related to Macedonian, generally recognized as a distinct language, although the prevalent opinion in Bulgaria, to some extent in Greece, and that of certain international linguists is that Bulgarian and Macedonian are two standard forms of the same diasystem.

Bulgarian and Macedonian form part of the Balkan linguistic union, which also includes Greek, Romanian, Albanian and Torlakian dialect of the Serbian language. Most of these languages share some of the above-mentioned characteristics (e.g., definite article, infinitive loss, complicated verb system) and many more.