Travel in Montenegro

Airports
Montenegro has two international airports, with their IATA Airport Codes:

Podgorica Airport - TGD
Tivat Airport - TIV
Podgorica Airport has a new and modern terminal building, and Tivat Airport underwent terminal expansion and can now handle night landings.

There are also airports at Berane, Žabljak and Nikšic, but those are used mostly for general aviation, and are not equipped to handle larger aircraft.

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Railways

total: 250 km
standard gauge: (1435 mm) 250 km
narrow gauge: none

Rail links with adjacent countries
Serbia - yes - same gauge, couplings, brakes, electrification system
Albania - yes - defunct.
Croatia - no direct links
Bosnia and Herzegovina - no direct links

Overview
The Montenegrin part of the Belgrade - Bar railway is the backbone of the Montenegrin railway system. It opened in 1979, and then was a state-of-the art railway, with features such as Mala Rijeka viaduct (highest railway viaduct in the world) and the 6.2 km long Sozina tunnel. About one-third of the Montenegrin part of the railway is in tunnel or on viaduct. It is the only railway corridor in Montenegro that is fully electrified: electrification of Podgorica - Nikšic corridor is not complete.

The railway has suffered from chronic underfunding in 1990s, resulting in it deteriorating and becoming unsafe. This culminated in the Bioce train disaster, when a passenger train derailed, killing 47 passengers. Efforts are being made to thoroughly reconstruct this railway.

The Podgorica - Nikšic railway has been primarily used for freight traffic, particularly bauxite from the Nikšic mine to the Podgorica aluminium plant. That is about to change, as this part of railway is currently under reconstruction and electrification. Passenger traffic is set to start in 2009.

The Podgorica - Shkodër railway, which extends to Tirana, has been used exclusively for freight traffic for some time. There are plans to reconstruct the railway and re-introduce passenger traffic, as it is important for intrests of both Montenegro and Albania.

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Highways

European routes E65, E80, E762, E763 and E851 pass through the country.
total: 5,277 km
paved: 1,729 km

Roads in Montenegro are generally not up to European standards. Economic crises during 1990s and Yugoslav wars left the country with no means to finance maintenance and expansion of the road network.

All roads in Montenegro are two-laned only, and there is dual carriageways. In recent years roads between connection of Podgorica and the coastal towns have improved significantly with the completion of Sozina tunnel, which shortened the journey from Podgorica to Bar to under half an hour and made the trip significantly safer.

In the north, the road from Podgorica to Kolašin through Moraca canyon to Serbia is considered one of the most dangerous routes in Europe, especially during the winter. Preparatory work has begun on a bypass for the canyon. This project is of strategic importance to Montenegro, as this corridor is currently the weak link in Montenegro's road network.

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Ports and harbors
Bar is the major seaport in Montenegro. It is capable of handling about 5 million tons of cargo, and is a port for ferries to Bari and Ancona in Italy. Kotor, Tivat and Zelenika (in Bay of Kotor) are smaller ports.

Montenegro's rivers are generally not navigable, except for tourist attractions such as rafting on Tara River.